Anti-Han and separatist sentiment rose in Xinjiang from the 1990s, flaring into violence on occasion. The Uyghurs , alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. In December 2020 research seen by the BBC showed up to half a million people were being forced to pick cotton. China, in contrast, set up Education and Training Centers aimed at convincing Uighurs not to support extremism. Many former detainees were transferred to work in newly constructed factories, prompting concerns about forced labor that led to U.S. sanctions. For example, they can enroll in schools taught in their native language and receive preferential treatment in college admissions. There are about 12 million Uighurs, mostly Muslim, living in north-western China in the region of Xinjiang, officially known as the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR). Responses from China. They are recognised as being native to … Ethnic tensions between Uighurs and China’s majority Han people have long simmered in the region, occasionally breaking out into violence. Tap to unmute. Surviving China’s Uighur camps. Uighurs in China: What we know about the alleged concentration camps for Muslims One expert called it ‘slow, painful, creeping genocide’ Caption: Dozens of Chinese … There is evidence new factories have been built within the grounds of the re-education camps. Many Uighurs are Muslim, and their religious faith has put them at odds with the officially atheistic Chinese Communist Party. China blamed Uighur separatists and has vowed to eliminate separatist and militant Islamic ideology among the Uighur population. Share. But in recent years a massive security crackdown has crushed dissent. In the early 20th Century, the Uighurs briefly declared independence, but the region was brought under the complete control of China's new Communist government in 1949. Those who do manage to move to China's major cities eke out a desperate living as migrant workers, often viewed with distrust and suspicion by the larger Chinese population. They're ethnically Turkic Muslims, and there are about 11 million of them in western China. Chinese officials on Friday aired a video of a thin Uighur man with a shaved head, wearing an oversized uniform and speaking directly to the camera. The French president spoke out after the US backed a proposal to waive patents on Covid-19 vaccines. It is a mostly desert region, producing about a fifth of the world's cotton. Holocaust Memorial Museum is “a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy.”. China has dismissed claims it is trying to reduce the Uighur population through mass sterilisations as "baseless", and says allegations of forced labour are "completely fabricated". It follows reports that, as well as interning Uighurs in camps, China has been forcibly mass sterilising Uighur women to suppress the population and separating Uighur children from their families. Uighurs live for the most part in northwestern China, in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang; a small number live in the Central Asian republics. Xinjiang, where an estimated 80% of China's Uighurs are said to live, is China's most western province. The region has land borders with Afghanistan, Russia, Pakistan, India, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and China has long prioritized the need for stability on its sometimes fractious periphery. The US is among several countries to have accused China of committing genocide and crimes against humanity through its repression of the Uighurs. Human rights groups believe China has detained more than a million Uighurs over the past few years in what the state defines as "re-education camps". Who are the Uighurs? Uighurs are Muslims who speak their own language. China has rounded up a million and imprisoned them in camps. Why might the Chinese oppress the Uighurs? Xinjiang is now covered by a pervasive network of surveillance, including police, checkpoints, and cameras that scan everything from number plates to individual faces. There is evidence of Uighurs being used as forced labour and of women being forcibly sterilised. UK accuses China of 'gross' abuses against Uighurs, China 'using birth control' to suppress Uighurs, China detains one million Uighurs, UN told, France calls on US to drop vaccine export bans. Copy link. The Chinese government has pursued a policy of sinification (making other cultures more “Chinese”), forcing Uighurs to abandon their language for Mandarin and give up other aspects of their culture. After a report by the BBC on the rape and … The UK parliament has unanimously declared China to be perpetrating "crimes against humanity and genocide" against Uighur Muslims and ethnic minorities in … In both cases, the detentions were made without formal charges or trials. At some centers, they also learned vocational skills such as textile-making. It says the crackdown is necessary to prevent terrorism and root out Islamist extremism and the camps are an effective tool for re-educating inmates in its fight against terrorism. T he Biden administration slapped sanctions on China in March for its crimes against humanity and genocide for holding millions of Muslim-minority Uighurs in detention centers in Xinjiang. Like Tibet, it is autonomous, meaning - in theory - it has some powers of self-governance. In 2009, Xinjiang’s capital city, Urumqi, was wracked by riots, resulting in 197 dead and many more injured. How US can help China's Uighurs, who suffer disappearances, forced abortions, other atrocities Uighurs are allegedly being subjected to brutal and coercive family planning policies Scholars estimate that more than 1 million Uighurs were detained in reeducation camps for periods ranging from weeks to years. It is the first time members of the minority group have sought to use international law to … “Uighurs” are an ethnic minority who live in Xinjiang, far to the west of China. Detainees attended daily political indoctrination programs, with reports of torture by guards. Under international pressure, Beijing said in 2019 that all trainees at “vocational educational and training centers” in Xinjiang had graduated, using the term the government eventually settled on for the camps after initially denying their existence. UK must fix modern slavery laws to help protect Uighurs in China, say MPs This article is more than 1 month old Report calls for more penalties to … A number of Western governments have denounced China’s policies in Xinjiang, with Britain pressing China in January to allow United Nations rights inspectors to visit the region. They similarly targeted an ethnic minority and political dissidents, with detainees explicitly expected to contribute factory labor. They make up less than half of the Xinjiang population. The international media has struggled to gather information from Xinjiang. The Chinese Communist Party, by carrying out its campaign of mass murder against the millions of Uighurs in the Xinjiang area of western China, breached “each and every act prohibited” by … WASHINGTON - A charge by the United States China’s treatment of Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang amounted to “genocide and crimes against humanity” … China has 55 “ethnic minorities” – groups with backgrounds different from the Han. Uighurs are a Muslim minority. Uighurs speak several dialects of two languages divided by territory--Standard Xinjiang and Standard Soviet. In 2009 some 200 people died in clashes in Xinjiang, which the Chinese blamed on Uighurs who want their own state. People who have managed to escape the camps have reported physical, mental and sexual torture - women have spoken of mass rape and sexual abuse. The Centers are supposed to teach Mandarin and job skills. The Uighurs are a nomadic Turkic people native to China’s northwestern Xinjiang region. At a crowded press event on Friday in Beijing, Chinese officials aired a video of a thin Uighur man with a shaved head, wearing an oversized uniform and speaking directly to the camera. China’s suspicions about the Uighurs could also be because they harbour such a separate culture. China has long carried out heavy-handed ethnic assimilation of Uighurs, but the policies reached new levels under President Xi Jinping. Under Chinese law, Uighurs and other minority nationalities enjoy autonomy within the country’s political system. Many Uighurs are Muslim, and their religious faith has put … There are around 11 million Uighurs in Xinjiang. Video, Philippines Covid surge throws country into disarray, Fears for safety of guard who escaped armed ambush, Big Chinese rocket segment set to fall to Earth, Out in the cold: NYC cancels school snow days, Sturgeon celebrates 'extraordinary' SNP victory, Trump officials obtained reporters' phone data, Zulu royals back new king after family feud, Train services cancelled after cracks found, China has been forcibly mass sterilising Uighur women, China is committing "genocide and crimes against humanity", Uighur camp detainees allege systematic rape, UK accuses China of 'gross' human rights abuses, Pressure and propaganda - the reality of reporting Xinjiang, Searching for truth in China's 're-education' camps, China denies Muslim children separation campaign. It insists that Uighur militants are waging a violent campaign for an independent state by plotting bombings, sabotage and civic unrest, but it is accused of exaggerating the threat in order to justify repression of the Uighurs. The Uighurs speak their own language, similar to Turkish, and see themselves as culturally and ethnically close to Central Asian nations. The State Department declared in January that China’s actions against Uighurs should be categorized as “genocide.” The United States also banned imports of goods made in Xinjiang, citing a risk of forced labor in the region. Info. Read about our approach to external linking. Former detainees reported daily lessons in patriotism and Chinese language, and some said they were tortured by guards. Many Uighurs have more in common with people in the nearby countries than they do with the Hans. Uighur activists say years of state-sponsored oppression and discrimination against Uighurs have fueled grass-roots anger against the government. China is using its large economic power to discourage American companies like Nike and Coca-Cola from speaking out against their genocide against the Uighurs, Waltz added. But in practice, both face major restrictions by the central government. In Virginia, some 7,000 miles from Xinjiang, Murat’s advocacy for her mother’s release has brought her frequent threats and Chinese Communist party-connected telephone calls. Thousands of Uyghur workers in China are being relocated in an effort to assimilate Muslims, documents show . The Chinese government has retaliated against those who've sought to expose abuses against Uighurs. China has built nearly 400 'suspected detention centres' where more than one million Uighurs are allegedly detained in Xinjiang, study reveals China has expanded its … China responded a day later by sanctioning US officials in the outgoing Trump Administration, including Pompeo for their criticisms of China's treatment of the Uighurs. AMSTERDAM (Reuters) - The Dutch parliament on Thursday passed a non-binding motion saying the treatment of the Uighur Muslim minority in China amounts to genocide, the first such move by a … The Australian Strategic Policy Institute found evidence in 2020 of more than 380 of these "re-education camps" in Xinjiang, an increase of 40% on previous estimates. Definitions differ for the emotionally charged term, but the Xinjiang camps have key similarities to the early Nazi concentration camps. China compels Uighurs to work in shoe factory that supplies Nike. They are considered to be one of China's 55 officially recognized ethnic minorities. The Uighurs are a nomadic Turkic people native to China’s northwestern Xinjiang region. Analysts say that the plight of China’s Uighurs poses a problem for Erdogan, who is seeking alternative global partners at a time when relations with the west are deeply strained. The Chinese government officially legalized re-education camps in Xinjiang in October 2018. China committing genocide against Uighurs, says report China breached ‘each and every’ provision of UN Genocide Convention in treatment of Uighurs, … Uighurs accuse China of mass detention, torture in landmark complaint. When asked about what potential trade repercussions naming China’s treatment of the Uighurs a genocide would inflict on Canada, O’Toole said that shouldn’t be the focus. The Uighurs are one of the largest ethnic minority populations in China, with an estimated 11 million Uighurs living in Xinjiang - half the Muslim population in China. Many countries, however, have been muted in their responses, as Beijing has warned foreign governments not to interfere in its internal affairs. NT: Because of this IJOP that has been in the news a lot, Integrated Joint Operations Platform, the Chinese government forced Uighurs to install spying software on … China’s ambassador to Australia has told Canberra to stop criticising the country over human rights abuses in Xinjiang, saying nations should know Beijing will … Shopping. During the same period, the Xinjiang government rolled out a high-tech surveillance system across the region that tracked Uighurs’ movements through police checkpoints, facial recognition surveillance cameras and house visits by officials. The Chinese government says they are “re-education” camps — but those who have been interned say it was not an educational experience, it was like a concentration camp. Xinjiang lies in the north-west of China and is the country's biggest region. Chinese government figures put the current Uighur population inside Xinjiang at around 11.7 million. On Thursday, China’s state broadcast regulator said it would pull BBC News off the air, after Britain stripped a license for Chinese state television and in the wake of China’s objections to BBC reports on abuses against Uighurs. However, China has continued to build massive detention centers in the region since then. Since 2017 when President Xi Jinping issued an order saying all religions in China should be Chinese in orientation, there have been further crackdowns. Who are the Uighurs, and what’s happening to them in China. At a crowded press event on Friday in Beijing, Chinese officials aired a video of a thin Uighur man with a shaved head, wearing an oversized uniform and speaking directly to the camera. One definition of “concentration camp” from the U.S. There are an estimated 11 million Uighurs in the region – almost half of its total population. Chinese researchers have challenged the numbers and conclusions in Mr. Zenz’s report while not disputing that the government wants to bring down the population growth of Uighurs. Parts of Xinjiang had two brief periods of self-rule as East Turkestan (1933-1934 and 1944-1949) before the region came under Mao Zedong’s Communist rule in 1949, along with the rest of China. There are about 12 million Uighurs, mostly Muslim, living in north-western China in the region of Xinjiang, officially known as … The Uyghurs are recognized by the Chinese government as a regional minority within a multicultural nation. 'Our first day of freedom on American soil' Video, 'Our first day of freedom on American soil', #MeToo Serbia: 'I thought I was the only one' Video, #MeToo Serbia: 'I thought I was the only one', Philippines Covid surge throws country into disarray. The documents include explicit directives to arrest Uighurs with foreign citizenship and to track Uighurs living abroad. The Chinese government’s assault extends to Uighurs abroad. France calls on US to drop vaccine export bans1, Fears for safety of guard who escaped armed ambush2, Big Chinese rocket segment set to fall to Earth3, Out in the cold: NYC cancels school snow days4, Sturgeon celebrates 'extraordinary' SNP victory5, Trump officials obtained reporters' phone data6, Zulu royals back new king after family feud7, Train services cancelled after cracks found8, Deadly attack near secondary school in Afghanistan9, Dozens hurt in Jerusalem mosque clashes10. Beijing’s focus on stability in Xinjiang is driven by the region’s geopolitical and economic importance. UK Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab has said the treatment of Uighurs amounts to "appalling violations of the most basic human rights". It is also rich in oil and natural gas and because of its proximity to Central Asia and Europe is seen by Beijing as an important trade link. © 2021 BBC. Many Uighurs have more in common with people in … Read about our approach to external linking. PHOTO: REUTERS US Secretary of State Antony Blinken has said China is committing "genocide and crimes against humanity". Uighur, Chinese (Pinyin) Weiwu’er, also spelled Uygur or Uyghur, a Turkic-speaking people of interior Asia. What happens to your body in extreme heat? Xinjiang, officially referred to as the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, is a mostly desert region in China’s northwest bordering eight other countries – Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. Their distinctive language and religion segregates them from the rest of the country. About 12 million Uighurs live in Xinjiang, with smaller groups in Kazakhstan, Turkey and other countries. Starting in 2017, China carried out a sweeping crackdown in its northwest Xinjiang region under the banner of counterterrorism. Egypt and China have officially partnered to combat terrorism and, in so doing, Egypt has supported China’s explanation for the detention and “re-education” of Uighurs. Recent decades saw a mass migration of Han Chinese (China's ethnic majority) to Xinjiang, and the Uighurs feel their culture and livelihoods are under threat. Several countries, including the US, Canada and the Netherlands, have accused China of committing genocide - defined by international convention as the "intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group". A UN human rights committee in 2018 said it had credible reports the Chinese were holding up to a million people in "counter-extremism centres" in Xinjiang. The Xinjiang camps, however, were not death camps — the most notorious type of Nazi concentration camp, where detainees were killed en masse by gassing or other methods. Earlier, leaked documents known as the China Cables made clear that the camps were intended to be run as high security prisons, with strict discipline and punishments. Now the Uighur Human Rights Project reports that … “Uighurs” are an ethnic minority who live in Xinjiang, far to the west of China. Numerous human rights groups accuse the centers of condoning rape , torture, and forced labor . A number of Uighurs continue to hope for political independence one day, a stance that is harshly suppressed by Beijing. A number of former detainees say they were forced to work at a factory as a condition of release. The Uighur are an ethnic minority group of Muslims living in China’s north-west region of Xinjiang. China’s harsh campaign to forcibly assimilate the Uighurs, a mostly Muslim ethnic minority group in Xinjiang, has drawn international condemnation, with the U.S. State Department classifying it as “genocide.”. A: The Uighurs are a nomadic, Turkic people native to China’s northwestern Xinjiang region. On 27 July 2018, The U.S. Embassy & Consulate in China released Ministerial to Advance Religious Freedom Statement on China, which mentioned the detention of hundreds of thousands, and possibly millions, of Uyghurs and members of other Muslim minority groups in "political re-education camps", and called the Chinese government to release immediately all those arbitrarily detained. Human rights groups believe China has detained more than a million Uighurs over the past few years in what the state defines as "re-education camps". China points to sporadic terrorist attacks in Xinjiang and a Uighur independence movement as justification for the crackdown. The reasons for detention could be as minor as wearing a headscarf or long beard, having more than two children or traveling overseas for vacation. VideoPhilippines Covid surge throws country into disarray, Spy row revs up Russia tensions in heart of Europe, India's Covid crisis delivers a blow to brand Modi, The sheikh, the ransom payments and the bandits, The deadly secret of the superfruit loved in the US. China is facing mounting criticism from around the world over its treatment of the mostly Muslim Uighur population in the north-western region of Xinjiang. Watch later. Xinjiang’s Muslim minorities … According to Human Rights Watch, police are also using a mobile app to monitor peoples' behaviour, such as how much electricity they are using and how often they use their front door. Surviving China’s Uighur camps - YouTube. Deadly attack near secondary school in Afghanistan, The Aboriginal boy teaching Australia a lesson, 'Our first day of freedom on American soil' Video'Our first day of freedom on American soil', #MeToo Serbia: 'I thought I was the only one' Video#MeToo Serbia: 'I thought I was the only one', Philippines Covid surge throws country into disarray. Xinjiang is rich in oil and produces the vast majority of China’s cotton. A modern browser with Javascript and a stable internet connection is required to view this interactive. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The European Parliament condemned China in December for forced labor in Xinjiang. T he Biden administration slapped sanctions on China in March for its crimes against humanity and genocide for holding millions of Muslim-minority Uighurs in detention centers in Xinjiang. China to pull BBC News off the air, state broadcast regulator says. In 2017, Xinjiang began a massive political reeducation program, with more than 1 million Uighurs from all walks of life taken into detention. These detentions lasted for months or even years. The Chinese government disputes the characterization of the facilities as concentration camps, saying they are vocational training centers meant to reform people with extremist tendencies. Uighurs in Xinjiang are often denied the right to travel outside of China, or even within it. China has said reports it has detained Uighurs are completely untrue. China denies such allegations, saying it has been combatting separatism and Islamist militancy in the region. Human rights groups believe China has detained more than a million Uighurs over the past few years in what the state defines as "re-education camps". With China’s treatment of the ethnic minority Uighurs coming under growing international condemnation, the embassy on Wednesday hosted a two-hour long “press conference” in … How US can help China's Uighurs, who suffer disappearances, forced abortions, other atrocities Uighurs are allegedly being subjected to brutal and coercive family planning policies Chinese policemen clash with Uighur women in the street in July 2009 in Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang.
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